Researchers presented an interesting project at the 2024 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces: it uses VR and eye tracking to simulate visual deficits such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and other visual diseases and handicaps.
This is a companion discussion topic for the original entry at https://hackaday.com/2024/03/29/experiencing-visual-handicaps-and-their-impact-on-daily-life-with-vr/